Table of Contents
Natural Fire Regimes in Ontario
- Executive Summary
- Résumé
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Background and Rationale
- Fire Management Strategy
- Fire Policy for Park and Conservation Reserves
- Fire Management Planning Guidelines for Protected Areas
- Fire and Fire Regimes
- The Ecological Role of Fire
- Principles of Fire Occurrence and Behaviour
- Fire Ecology and Effects
- Plant Mortality
- Plant responses to fire
- Community and landscape level responses to fire
- Anthropogenic factors that influenced changes in fire regimes
- Aboriginal burning
- European settlement, land conversion, and resource extraction
- Fire exclusion policy
- Modern Fire Regimes
- Approaches to Reconstructing Natural Fire Regimes
- Scale of Analysis
- Landscape Approach to Fire Regime Analysis
- Ecological Regions of Ontario
- Identification of Homogenous Fire Groups
- Fire Regime Categories
- Natural Fire Frequency and Cycle
- Boreal West Forest Region
- Jack Pine
- Upland Black Spruce - Jack Pine
- Fir-Spruce Mixed Wood
- Aspen-Birch, Aspen-Birch-Fir
- Red Pine-White Pine-Jack Pine
- Red Pine - White Pine
- Lowland Black Spruce
- Cedar and Hardwood Lowlands
- Boreal East Forest Region
- Jack Pine
- Black Spruce
- Upland Black Spruce - Jack Pine
- Spruce-Fir Mixed Wood
- Aspen-Birch, Aspen-Birch-Conifer
- Lowland Black Spruce
- Tolerant Hardwoods and Hardwood Mixedwoods
- Jack Pine - White Pine - Red Pine
- White Pine - Red Pine, White Pine-Conifer
- Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Forest Region
- Jack Pine
- Black Spruce
- White Pine - Red Pine
- Jack Pine - White Pine - Red Pine
- Aspen-Birch, Aspen-Birch-Conifer
- Oak-Hardwood, Oak-Pine
- Tolerant Hardwoods and Mixed-Hardwoods
- Conifer and Hardwood Lowlands
- Deciduous Forest Region
- Tallgrass Prairie
- Poplar-White Birch, White Birch-Poplar-Conifer
- Oak Deciduous, White Pine-Maple-Oak Mixedwoods
- Pitch Pine - Oak Mixedwoods
- Tolerant Hardwoods and Mixed-Hardwoods
- Conifer, Deciduous, and Mixed Lowlands
- Tallgrass Savanna
- Tallgrass Woodland
- Oak-Maple-Hickory
- Alvar
- Rock Barren
- Sand Barren
- White Pine - Red Pine
- Jack Pine
- Summary and Research Needs
- Reference Conditions
- Public Involvement
- Time Since Last Fire
- Effects of Fire on Ecosystem Processes and Biodiversity
- Species at Risk
- Exotic Plants
- Interactions Among Disturbance Agents
- Climate Change
- Adaptive Management
- Management Alternatives
- References
- Appendix 1 - Fire management zones
- Appendix 2 - Summary of biotic and abiotic factors affecting fire behaviour *
- Appendix 3 - Plant Species list
- Appendix 4 - Fire return interval for natural (historic) fire regimes in Ontario and the Great Lakes Region
- Appendix 5 - Fire cycle for natural (historic) fire regimes in Ontario and the Great Lakes region
Fir-Spruce Mixed Wood
